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I've often wondered about this, also. There are only two researchers I know of, however, who have remotely tried to connect the Myers-Briggs types to some kind of neuroscience (Dario Nardi and Jon Niednagel), yet only Nardi has attempted some link with introversion and thinking to autism (Niednagel has linked the E__P types with ADHD, but has not reported any analysis on autism).
I would think INTJ and INTP would certainly exhibit the most typical cases of high functioning autism, at any rate. The NT types live in their heads rather than the present moment, less with feelings/empathy, and introversion would obviously lend itself to less sociability and more intense focus/interests.
I have diagnosed autism and obsessive-compulsive traits. No ADHD; I'm not hyperactive and always found it easy to focus on academics (Niednagel claims ENTPs don't do well in school until college; I did well at every grade level). Of the 16 types, INTP is probably best fit, and when I gave people who knew me relatively well, and yet didn't know the Myers-Briggs, a "blind" list of traits of each of the 16 types (so as to avoid confirmation bias), they all picked the category that corresponded most closely with INTP. This was after I was thinking I had been an INFJ for years. But I've since learned people think much more highly of my logic and intellectual abilities, and say I'm actually extremely inept in reading social cues/empathy (strengths more of the NF types, and of ENTPs who can put on acting ability). I thought INFJ was a fit because I was sensitive to criticism and adept with language, but there's more to it than that.
I'm an INFP. I have a passion for helping others, especially homeless and people with disabilities. I'm planning on getting involved with legit/decent groups addressing ASD. I think there should be more dialog between "mainstream society" and people with ASD. People with ASD should not feel ashamed for being who they are.
I recently took the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)